Measurement of the temperature-dependent output of lead zirconate titanate transducers

The effect of temperature and electrical drive conditions on the output lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers is particular interest in ultrasound metrology medical applications. In this work, temperature-dependent two single-element PZT was measured between 22 °C 46 °C. Two independent measurement methods were used, namely radiation force balance measurements laser vibrometry. When driven at constant voltage using a 50 Ω matched signal generator amplifier continuous wave (CW) or quasi-CW excitation, increased average by 0.6 % per degree, largely due to an increase transducer efficiency with temperature. showed close agreement. Similar trends observed when single cycle excitation same chain. However, pulser (which not electrically matched), exhibited different behaviour depending their impedance. Accounting for could have implications many areas metrology, example, therapeutic where coupling fluid decreased often used. • Output most changes Transducer increases Temperature dependence depends system. Radiation balances vibrometry can measure output.